Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Law of Segregation01:49

Law of Segregation

76.6K
When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
76.6K
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

90
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
90
Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

43.4K
Overview
43.4K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

1.5K
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
1.5K
Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

95.3K
Overview
95.3K
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

3.6K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Drug Labels as Evidence of Patent Infringement - A Troubling Legal Trend.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

A Sociotechnical Approach to Genomic Data Privacy: A Comparative Analysis.

International data privacy law·2025
Same author

A "Bare Hope of A Result": The Second CRISPR Patent Appeal.

The CRISPR journal·2025
Same author

Regenerative Medicine: Case Study for Understanding and Anticipating Emerging Science and Technology.

NAM perspectives·2024
Same author

Neurotechnology and Noninvasive Neuromodulation: Case Study for Understanding and Anticipating Emerging Science and Technology.

NAM perspectives·2024
Same author

Telehealth and Mobile Health: Case Study for Understanding and Anticipating Emerging Science and Technology.

NAM perspectives·2024
Same journal

Strange Bedfellows: Native American Tribes, Big Pharma, and the Legitimacy of Their Alliance.

Duke law journal·2019
Same journal

The Promising Viral Threat to Bacterial Resistance: the Uncertain Patentability of Phage Therapeutics and the Necessity of Alternative Incentives.

Duke law journal·2019
Same journal

Deviancy, Dependency, and Disability: the Forgotten History of Eugenics and Mass Incarceration.

Duke law journal·2018
Same journal

A Violent Birth: Reframing Coerced Procedures During Childbirth as Obstetric Violence.

Duke law journal·2018
Same journal

Don’t Try This at Home: the FDA’s Restrictive Regulation of Home Testing Devices.

Duke law journal·2018
Same journal

An administrative right to be free from sexual violence? Title IX enforcement in historical and institutional perspective.

Duke law journal·2017
See all related articles

Related Experiment Videos

Patent Law's Reproducibility Paradox.

Jacob S Sherkow1

  • 1Innovation Center for Law and Technology, New York Law School.

Duke Law Journal
|January 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The clinical research reproducibility crisis impacts patent law, as irreproducible studies undermine patent validity. Reforming patent enablement doctrine is crucial for scientific integrity and innovation.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Patent law
  • Intellectual property

Background:

  • A significant reproducibility crisis exists in clinical and preclinical research.
  • Irreproducible research poses challenges to scientific validity and legal frameworks, particularly patent law.
  • Patents require enabling disclosures, but current patent law doctrines may hinder reproducible data submission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the conflict between scientific reproducibility and patent law's enablement doctrine.
  • To examine the implications of irreproducible research on patent validity and innovation.
  • To propose a reconciliation between scientific research goals and patent law requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of patent law's enablement doctrine.
  • Case studies of blockbuster drugs (Prempro, Xigris, Plavix, Avastin) with irreproducible research.
  • Discussion of social costs and innovation policy debates.

Main Results:

  • Difficulties in applying the enablement doctrine discourage reproducible data in patents.
  • Irreproducibility in drug patents raises questions about their legal and scientific foundation.
  • Misalignment between clinical practice and patent law incurs social costs.

Conclusions:

  • A revised conception of patent enablement should incorporate after-arising evidence.
  • Patent disclosure serves specific purposes and has limitations that need clarification.
  • Distinctions between enablement and utility doctrines require re-evaluation for modern scientific research.