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Related Concept Videos

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Eco-friendly microcapsules were reinforced with modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) for sustained release applications. These composite capsules offer enhanced mechanical strength and barrier properties, improving their utility in diverse fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polymeric microspheres are utilized in various applications, but often lack sufficient mechanical strength and controlled release properties.
  • Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) offer a sustainable and renewable reinforcement option for polymeric materials.
  • Improving the dispersion of CNCs within polymer matrices is crucial for effective reinforcement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop eco-friendly microcapsules by reinforcing polymeric microspheres with modified cellulose nanocrystals (mCNCs).
  • To investigate the impact of surface-modified CNCs on the properties and performance of polyurea (PU) microcapsules.
  • To evaluate the sustained release capabilities and mechanical integrity of the developed composite microcapsules.

Main Methods:

  • Surface hydrophobization of CNCs via grafting poly(lactic acid) oligomers and fatty acids.
  • Fabrication of polyurea (PU) microcapsules incorporating modified CNCs (mCNCs) using interfacial polymerization.
  • Characterization using FT-IR, TGA, OM, SEM, and single-capsule compression tests.
  • Encapsulation efficiency and release rate studies using UV-vis spectroscopy with a model hydrophobic dye.

Main Results:

  • Modified CNCs (mCNCs) showed enhanced dispersion within the PU shell.
  • The mCNC-embedded PU microcapsules exhibited strong, dense walls with improved mechanical strength and rupture resistance.
  • Sustained release of a hydrophobic model dye was achieved, indicating effective barrier properties.
  • The extended diffusion path length provided by mCNCs contributed to reduced leakage.

Conclusions:

  • Reinforcing polyurea microcapsules with surface-modified cellulose nanocrystals creates robust, eco-friendly materials.
  • These composite microcapsules demonstrate excellent barrier properties and mechanical strength for sustained release applications.
  • The developed method offers a promising approach for creating advanced microcapsules for medicines, nutrients, and other sensitive materials.