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Decellularized Tooth Bud Scaffolds for Tooth Regeneration.

W Zhang1, B Vazquez1, D Oreadi2

  • 11 Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|January 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers bioengineered whole teeth using decellularized tooth buds (dTBs) as scaffolds. Recellularized dTBs successfully guided dental cell differentiation, forming organized dentin and enamel-like tissues, paving the way for regenerative dentistry.

Keywords:
BMPbiomimetic scaffoldsdecellularizationextracellular matrixpostnatal dental stem cellsregenerative dentistry

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Whole tooth regeneration is limited by the inability to create full-sized, living replacement teeth.
  • Decellularized organ scaffolds offer a natural extracellular matrix to promote tissue-specific regeneration.
  • Tooth buds (TBs) provide a natural template for tooth development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of decellularized tooth buds (dTBs) as scaffolds for whole tooth regeneration.
  • To assess the ability of dTBs to guide dental cell differentiation and tissue formation.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of recellularized dTBs in creating bioengineered teeth.

Main Methods:

  • Porcine tooth buds were decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate/Triton-X cycles.
  • Replicate implants included acellular dTBs, recellularized dTBs (with dental epithelial, pulp, and endothelial cells), dTBs with BMP-2, and natural TBs.
  • Constructs were implanted into mini-pig mandibles for 3 or 6 months and analyzed histologically and via micro-CT.

Main Results:

  • Recellularized dTBs and natural TBs showed significant production of organized dentin and enamel-like tissues.
  • Micro-CT analysis revealed the formation of organized, bioengineered teeth comparable in size to natural teeth after 6 months.
  • Acellular dTBs and dTBs with BMP-2 did not yield significant organized tissue formation.

Conclusions:

  • Decellularized tooth buds serve as effective scaffolds for guiding dental cell differentiation and regeneration.
  • This study demonstrates the potential of using recellularized dTBs for functional whole tooth bioengineering.
  • These findings represent a significant advancement towards off-the-shelf scaffolds for tooth regeneration.