Control of mitochondrial respiration in the heart in vivo

The role of the hydrolysis products of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), in the control of myocardial respiration was evaluated in vivo using 31P NMR. These studies were conducted to evaluate whether increases in the ATP hydrolysis products can be detected through the cardiac cycle or during increases in cardiac work. 31P NMR data acquisitions gated to various portions of the cardiac cycle (50 msec time resolution) revealed that cytosolic ATP, ADP and Pi did not change over the course of the cardiac cycle. These metabolites were also monitored during steady-state increases in cardiac work in conjunction with measurements of coronary blood flow and oxygen consumption. No changes were observed during 2 to 3 fold increases in myocardial oxygen consumption induced by various methods. These results demonstrate that the cytosolic ATP, ADP, and Pi concentrations remain relatively constant throughout the cardiac cycle and during physiological increases in cardiac work and oxygen consumption. Furthermore, it is shown that ADP and Pi cannot be solely responsible for the regulation of cardiac respiration in vivo based on the in vitro Km values of these compounds for oxidative phosphorylation. It is concluded that other mechanisms, working in concert with the simple kinetic feedback of ATP hydrolysis products, must be present in the cytosol to provide control of myocardial respiration in vivo.