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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
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MicroRNAs in brain aging.

Chand Parvez Danka Mohammed1, Jun Soo Park2, Hong Gil Nam3

  • 1Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu 711-873, South Korea; Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, South Korea.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of brain aging, influencing cognition and lifespan. Understanding their roles offers new therapeutic insights for age-related neurological disorders.

Keywords:
AgingBrainDysregulationTargetmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Brain aging is a critical process impacting health and disease, with age-associated brain dysfunction posing significant challenges.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital regulators of physiological processes, including cellular functions and organismal lifespan.
  • The brain, particularly the cortex and hippocampus, hosts a large proportion of known miRNAs, highlighting their potential significance in brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in both normal and pathological brain aging.
  • To explore how miRNAs modulate key brain functions affected by aging, such as cognition, inflammation, and neuroprotection.
  • To discuss the implications of miRNA dysregulation in accelerated cognitive decline and neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on miRNAs and brain aging.
  • Analysis of literature focusing on the differential regulation of miRNAs during the aging process.
  • Examination of studies investigating miRNA-mediated effects on brain functions and their targets.

Main Results:

  • A significant number of expressed miRNAs are differentially regulated during brain aging, indicating their regulatory role.
  • miRNAs coordinate brain functions including cognition, inflammation, neuroprotection, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function.
  • Dysregulation of brain miRNAs is linked to accelerated cognitive decline and increased susceptibility to neurological disorders.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are crucial regulators of normal and pathological brain aging.
  • Understanding miRNA mechanisms in brain aging provides insights into interrelated pathways.
  • Elucidating miRNA regulation offers potential for novel therapeutic interventions against age-related brain dysfunction.