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Neuromodulation of Spinal Locomotor Networks in Rodents
Manuel Diaz-Ríos1, Pierre A Guertin2, Marla Rivera-Oliver3
1University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Institute of Neurobiology, 201 Boulevard del Valle, San Juan, PR 00901. Puerto Rico.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
|January 26, 2017
Summary
Neuromodulators like glutamate and dopamine are crucial for spinal central pattern generators (CPGs) that control walking. These substances regulate CPG function, enabling rhythmic limb movements and adapting network activity.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Motor Control
- Spinal Cord Research
Background:
- Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neural networks responsible for rhythmic limb movements during locomotion.
- Neuromodulators are essential for CPG function, regulating neuronal firing and synaptic strength for adaptability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the roles of key neuromodulators (glutamate, dopamine, acetylcholine, adenosine) in rodent spinal CPG function.
- To highlight how these neuromodulators elicit, modify, or terminate CPG activity.
Main Methods:
- Focus on findings from rodent models, particularly isolated in vitro spinal cord preparations.
- Utilize studies incorporating transgenic approaches to identify specific neuronal populations involved in CPGs.
Main Results:
- Neuromodulatory inputs influence CPG networks to alter locomotor timing, phasing, and speed.
- These inputs are critical for initiating and maintaining CPG network function.
- Neuromodulators act via ionotropic and metabotropic receptors on both intrinsic and extrinsic CPG neurons.
Conclusions:
- Spinal neuromodulatory mechanisms play a significant role in the adaptive control of locomotor activity.
- Understanding these mechanisms is key to comprehending motor control and potential therapeutic interventions.
