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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Half-segmental Diaphyseal Bone Defect Model in Rats for Evaluating Bone Substitute Performance in Load-bearing Regions
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[Bone substitutes].

Fabienne Jordana1, Catherine Le Visage2, Pierre Weiss1

  • 1Inserm, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton Research, RMeS, 1, place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France - Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, 44042 Nantes, France - CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France.

Medecine Sciences : M/S
|January 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone substitutes offer mechanical support and promote healing, serving as alternatives to autografts. This review classifies bone substitutes by origin and composition, detailing their common applications in surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Bone defects from surgery or trauma require filling with bone substitutes for mechanical support and healing.
  • Autografts, the gold standard, carry risks of postoperative complications, driving the need for alternatives.
  • Clinician choice depends on bone volume, handling properties (injectability, malleability), and mechanical characteristics (setting time, viscosity, resorbability).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify bone substitutes based on their origin and chemical composition.
  • To outline the most common clinical applications of various bone substitutes.
  • To highlight advancements in bone substitute technology, including injectable forms and architecturally controlled materials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on bone substitutes.
  • Classification of bone substitutes by origin (natural vs. synthetic) and chemical composition.
  • Analysis of clinical applications across orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, stomatology, and dental fields.

Main Results:

  • Bone substitutes are categorized into natural and synthetic types, each with distinct properties.
  • Common applications span orthopedic, neurosurgical, stomatological, and dental procedures.
  • Injectable forms and materials produced by additive manufacturing represent recent technological advancements.

Conclusions:

  • Bone substitutes are crucial in managing bone defects, offering viable alternatives to autografts.
  • Understanding the classification and properties of bone substitutes aids clinicians in material selection.
  • Ongoing technological innovations continue to expand the utility and efficacy of bone substitutes in clinical practice.