Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

7.4K
Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
7.4K
Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents01:13

Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents

4.7K
Two long, straight, and parallel current-carrying conductors exert a force of equal magnitude on one another. The direction of the force depends on the current direction in the conductors.
The force exerted by the magnetic field due to the first conductor over a finite length of the second conductor is given as the product of the current in the second conductor and  the vector product of the length vector along the current element and the field due to the first conductor. According to the...
4.7K
Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example01:22

Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

2.3K
In a magnetic field, moving charges encounter a force. If a wire contains these moving charges, i.e., if the wire is carrying a current, then a force acts on the wire as well. Consider a pair of flexible leads holding a wire that is 40 cm long and 10 g in weight in a horizontal position. The wire is placed in a constant magnetic field of 0.40 T, as shown in Figure 1(a). Determine the magnitude and direction of the current flowing in the wire needed to remove the tension in the supporting leads.
2.3K
Electrical Power01:07

Electrical Power

3.8K
Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
3.8K
Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection01:23

Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection

664
A circuit breaker is a device engineered to interrupt fault currents and sometimes reclose automatically. When a fault current is detected, the breaker separates the electrical contacts, which generates an arc. This arc is extinguished by methods such as elongation, cooling, or splitting, depending on the breaker's design. Breakers are categorized based on the voltage they operate at and the medium used for arc extinction, such as air, oil, SF6 gas, or vacuum.
In high-voltage systems,...
664
Household Wiring And Electrical Safety01:13

Household Wiring And Electrical Safety

1.8K
Companies that supply power to most modern households use three conductors, typically called a three-wire line. While one is neutral, the other two are both at 120 V but with opposite polarity, giving a voltage of 240 V between them. With a three-wire line, high-power appliances that require 240 V, such as electric stoves and clothes dryers, are linked between the two hot lines. 120 V appliances can be connected between the neutral and either of the hot lines. The neutral side, which is always...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Visual Computation of Material Microstructure and Deformation.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Effect of pulsating solidification on the surface properties of conductive materials.

Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2022
Same author

Electric-field-induced alignment of electrically neutral disk-like particles: modelling and calculation.

Scientific reports·2017
Same author

Room temperature texturing of austenite/ferrite steel by electropulsing.

Scientific reports·2017
Same author

Controlled motion of electrically neutral microparticles by pulsed direct current.

Scientific reports·2015
Same author

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of rarefied gas flows in microchannels.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2005

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices
09:26

In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices

Published on: June 26, 2015

9.3K

Using electric current to surpass the microstructure breakup limit.

Rongshan Qin1

  • 1Professor in Advanced Materials Engineering, School of Engineering &Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.

Scientific Reports
|January 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Electric current drastically enhances microstructure refinement by overcoming breakup limits. This technology enables achieving significantly finer particle sizes in materials processing, validated by experiments.

More Related Videos

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens
07:15

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

Published on: June 2, 2017

9.8K
AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures
20:38

AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures

Published on: July 28, 2008

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices
09:26

In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices

Published on: June 26, 2015

9.3K
A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens
07:15

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

Published on: June 2, 2017

9.8K
AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures
20:38

AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures

Published on: July 28, 2008

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics of Fluids
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Elongated structures like droplets and grains naturally break into smaller units to minimize interfacial free energy.
  • This natural breakup process has a defined limit, restricting the achievable microstructure fineness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of electric current to overcome the natural breakup limit of microstructures.
  • To explore electric current as a novel technology for microstructure refinement.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations of electric current free energy and its dependence on microstructure.
  • Experimental validation using the breakup of iron carbide (Fe3C) plates in an iron (Fe) matrix.

Main Results:

  • Electric current significantly surpasses the natural breakup limit, enabling drastic microstructure refinement.
  • Calculations show a substantial increase in the number of particles achievable with practical electric current parameters.
  • A specific parameter range was identified where electric current can induce the splitting of spherical particles.

Conclusions:

  • Electric current is a powerful technology for achieving significantly finer microstructures.
  • The reduction in electric current free energy during breakup can compensate for interfacial energy increases, driving finer structures.
  • This approach offers a new avenue for advanced materials processing and manufacturing.