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Adhesion

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...

Contact Angle

Contact Angle

When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
The adhesive force is the molecular force between molecules of different materials, that is, between the molecules of the solid and the liquid. The cohesive...

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...

Cohesion

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a...

Liquid–Solid Solutions

Liquid–Solid Solutions

The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...

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Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation: Mechanical Property Measurements at the Nanoscale in Air and Fluid

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Solid-Liquid Work of Adhesion.

Rafael Tadmor¹, Ratul Das¹, Semih Gulec¹

¹Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University , Beaumont Texas 77710, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|January 26, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method to measure the work required to separate liquids from solids. This technique, using a pendant drop under increasing gravity, accurately determines the work of adhesion, a key material property.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Physical Chemistry
Surface Science

Background:

Understanding solid-liquid interactions is crucial in various scientific and industrial applications.
Quantifying the energy required for solid-liquid separation is essential for processes like coating, adhesion, and dewetting.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a novel tool for the direct measurement of the work of separation between a liquid and a solid.
To validate the obtained values against established theories and investigate their dependence on experimental parameters.

Main Methods:

A pendant drop method was employed, where a liquid drop is subjected to a gradually increasing gravitational force.
The solid-liquid contact area was monitored as it spontaneously decreased.
Work of separation was calculated using an analogy to Tate's law.

Main Results:

The developed tool allows for direct measurement of the work of separation.
The measured work of separation was found to be independent of the drop size.
The results align with Dupré's theory, confirming they represent the work of adhesion.

Conclusions:

The pendant drop method provides a reliable and direct measurement of the work of adhesion.
This technique offers a valuable tool for characterizing solid-liquid interfacial properties.
The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of interfacial phenomena and material interactions.