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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Fertile Ground for Controversy.

Jan Greene

    Managed Care (Langhorne, Pa.)
    |January 26, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pregnancy and delivery are costly for employers. Contraception coverage, mandated by the ACA, is cost-effective for insurers by preventing unintended pregnancies, yet access to options remains a concern.

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    Area of Science:

    • Health Economics
    • Reproductive Health
    • Insurance Policy

    Background:

    • Pregnancy and childbirth represent a significant financial burden for employers offering health insurance.
    • The Affordable Care Act (ACA) includes provisions for contraception coverage.
    • Preventing unintended pregnancies through contraception offers economic benefits to health insurers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the economic impact of pregnancy and delivery on employer-sponsored health insurance.
    • To evaluate the role and effectiveness of contraception coverage under the ACA.
    • To investigate reported limitations in contraception access despite coverage mandates.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of employer insurance claims data related to pregnancy and delivery costs.
    • Review of ACA regulations and insurer policies regarding contraception.
    • Examination of patient and provider feedback on contraception access and options.

    Main Results:

    • Pregnancy and delivery are identified as a leading cause of high healthcare expenditures for employers.
    • Contraception coverage under the ACA demonstrates cost-saving potential for insurers by reducing unintended pregnancies.
    • Despite coverage, a notable number of complaints indicate restricted access to a comprehensive range of contraceptive methods.

    Conclusions:

    • Employer-sponsored health insurance faces substantial costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth.
    • Contraception coverage is a financially sound strategy for insurers, aligning with ACA objectives.
    • Addressing the barriers to accessing diverse contraceptive options is crucial for maximizing public health and economic benefits.