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Updated: Mar 8, 2026
Functional Surface-immobilization of Genes Using Multistep Strand Displacement Lithography
Published on: October 25, 2018
First cytogenetic analysis of Ichthyoelephas humeralis (Günther, 1860) by conventional and molecular methods with
Mauro Nirchio Tursellino1, Duílio Mazzoni Zerbinato de Andrade Silva2, César Quezada Abad3
1Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Av. Panamericana Km 51/2, Vía Machala Pasaje, El Oro, Ecuador; Universidad de Oriente, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Boca de Río, Península de Macanao, Estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela.
Abstract:
We used conventional cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa, C-banding, Ag-NOR), and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 18S rDNA probes to investigate the karyotype and cytogenetic characteristics of Ichthyoelephas humeralis (Günther, 1860) from Ecuador. The specimens studied have a karyotype with 2n=54 biarmed chromosomes (32 M + 22 SM) and C-positive heterochromatin located on the centromeric, pericentromeric, interstitial, and terminal regions of some chromosomes. The nucleolus organizer regions occurred terminally on the long arm of chromosome pair 2. FISH confirmed the presence of only one 18S rDNA cluster with nonsyntenic localization with the 5S rDNA. Cytogenetic data allow us to refute the earlier morphological hypothesis of a sister relationship between Semaprochilodus Fowler, 1941 and Ichthyoelephas Posada Arango, 1909 and support the molecular proposal that Ichthyoelephas is a sister group to the monophyletic clade containing Prochilodus Agassiz, 1829 and Semaprochilodus.
