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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

633
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Related Experiment Video

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Understanding early dementia: EEG, MRI, SPECT and memory evaluation.

Davide Vito Moretti1

  • 1Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.

Translational Neuroscience
|January 27, 2017
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Summary

A higher electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha power ratio indicates brain atrophy and reduced perfusion in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. This EEG marker may help identify individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression.

Keywords:
EEGMRIMemoryProdromal Alzheimer’s diseaseSPECT

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Increased EEG upper/lower alpha power ratio linked to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and temporoparietal atrophy.
  • Higher alpha3/alpha2 frequency power ratio associated with reduced brain perfusion.
  • Distinct hippocampal volumes and theta frequency activity observed between alpha ratio groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the relationship between EEG alpha power ratio, brain structure, and perfusion in MCI.
  • Determine if EEG markers can predict cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • 74 MCI subjects underwent EEG, MRI, and neuropsychological evaluation.
  • 27 subjects had additional perfusion SPECT scans.
  • Calculated alpha3/alpha2 power ratio and cortical thickness; compared groups.

Main Results:

  • Higher alpha power ratio group showed more pronounced memory impairment.
  • Increased theta oscillations correlated with greater interhemispheric temporal coupling, cortical atrophy, and reduced temporoparietal perfusion.
  • Higher EEG alpha power ratio linked to cortical thinning and lower temporoparietal perfusion.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated EEG alpha power ratio correlates with temporoparietal cortical thinning and reduced perfusion.
  • Atrophy and lower perfusion significantly associated with memory impairment in MCI.
  • Increased EEG alpha power ratio may identify individuals at risk for progression to Alzheimer's disease dementia.