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Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
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Thermal injury patterns associated with electronic cigarettes.

Alisha Z Jiwani1, James F Williams1, Julie A Rizzo2

  • 1U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America.

International Journal of Burns and Trauma
|January 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

E-cigarette explosions caused severe burns in 10 young adults, primarily due to malfunctioning batteries. Increased awareness of e-cigarette risks is crucial for public health and safety.

Keywords:
Electronic cigaretteburnse-cigarettelithium-ion battery

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • E-cigarette use is rising as an alternative to traditional smoking.
  • These devices are typically powered by lithium-ion batteries.
  • Emerging safety concerns include device explosions and thermal injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on thermal injuries resulting from e-cigarette explosions.
  • To characterize the patient cohort and injury patterns.
  • To highlight the need for greater public and healthcare provider awareness.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series analysis.
  • Review of 10 patients treated for e-cigarette-related thermal injuries.
  • Data collection on injury mechanisms, patient demographics, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Ten patients, mostly young adults, sustained severe burns (partial and full thickness).
  • E-cigarette explosions, often linked to battery malfunctions, were the primary cause.
  • Injuries occurred during device use, charging, or storage.

Conclusions:

  • E-cigarette explosions pose a significant thermal injury risk.
  • Malfunctioning batteries are a common cause of these incidents.
  • Enhanced awareness and safety protocols for e-cigarette handling are essential.