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Longitudinal impairment of lung function in school-age children with extremely low birth weights

Katsuya Hirata1, Masahiro Nishihara1, Takeshi Kimura1

  • 1Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|January 27, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors show worsening lung function, specifically an obstructive pattern, between ages 8 and 12. This decline occurs regardless of neonatal respiratory complications like bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Respiratory Health

Background:

  • Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors often experience long-term respiratory issues.
  • Neonatal respiratory complications can significantly impact later lung function in these vulnerable infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate lung function and long-term respiratory outcomes in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors.
  • To assess the progression of lung function impairment from age 8 to 12 years in ELBW survivors.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal retrospective study involving 89 ELBW survivors.
  • Spirometry was used to measure forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow at 50% and 75% of FVC (FEF50, FEF75).
  • Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA compared lung function changes between ages 8 and 12.

Main Results:

  • Lung function parameters (FVC, FEV1, FEF50, FEF75) showed significant positive correlations between ages 8 and 12.
  • ELBW survivors exhibited lower lung function than Japanese reference values, particularly those with a history of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or bubbly/cystic lung appearance.
  • %FEV1 and the FEV1/FVC ratio worsened significantly from age 8 to 12.

Conclusions:

  • An obstructive pattern of lung function impairment deteriorates in ELBW survivors between ages 8 and 12.
  • This deterioration is independent of the presence of severe BPD or a bubbly/cystic lung appearance during the neonatal period.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasiachronic lung diseasechronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseextremely preterm infantspirometry

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