Diagnosis and treatment planning for mandibular subapical osteotomies with new surgical modifications

Mandibular anterior subapical osteotomies have been used for many years and have usually included vertical interdental osteotomies and submandibular horizontal osteotomies stabilized with intraosseous wires, splints, and bridle wires around the teeth adjacent to the interdental osteotomies. This article presents pertinent diagnostic criteria, orthodontic and surgical treatment planning considerations, and new surgical modifications to alter the position of the mandibular anterior teeth.