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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Polymers from sugars: cyclic monomer synthesis, ring-opening polymerisation, material properties and applications.

Georgina L Gregory1, Eva M López-Vidal1, Antoine Buchard1

  • 1Dept. Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. a.buchard@bath.ac.uk.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|January 28, 2017
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Summary

Scientists are developing sustainable polymers from renewable carbohydrates using Ring-Opening Polymerisation (ROP). This method allows precise synthesis of sugar-based polymers with tunable properties for diverse applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Modern reliance on fossil fuels for plastics leads to unsustainability.
  • Polymers derived from renewable resources offer biocompatibility and degradability.
  • Carbohydrates present a versatile and abundant feedstock for novel polymer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in synthesizing sugar-based polymers via Ring-Opening Polymerisation (ROP).
  • To explore synthetic routes for carbohydrate-derived monomers.
  • To discuss catalyst performance and resultant polymer properties.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on Ring-Opening Polymerisation (ROP) for cyclic carbohydrate monomers.
  • Investigation of synthetic pathways preserving the carbohydrate core structure.
  • Evaluation of homogeneous catalysts for controlled polymer synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Overview of sugar-based polymers synthesized through ROP.
  • Presentation of recent synthetic strategies for carbohydrate monomers.
  • Analysis of catalyst performance and resulting polymer characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • ROP is a key method for creating advanced sugar-based polymers.
  • Further development of catalysts and materials is crucial for sustainable polymer applications.
  • Sugar-derived polymers hold significant potential for various industrial uses.