Aetiological Spectrum of Urticaria

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Dermatology
• Clinical Investigation

Background:

• Urticaria (hives) is a common dermatological condition with diverse potential etiologies.
• Identifying specific causative agents is crucial for effective patient management and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and determine the specific causative agents responsible for urticaria in a cohort of 100 patients.
• To evaluate the diagnostic utility of detailed history, clinical examination, and specific allergy testing.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 100 patients diagnosed with urticaria underwent comprehensive evaluation.
• Methods included detailed medical history, physical examination, routine investigations, and intradermal testing with various antigen extracts (inhalants, foods).

Main Results:

• A definitive cause was identified in 94% of patients.
• Bacterial foci (10%), worm infestations (6%), drugs (6%), and insect bites (3%) were identified as causes.
• Intradermal testing revealed inhalants (35%) and foods (25%) as significant triggers.
• Pollen (26%), fungi (9%), house dust (10%), and buffalo dander (10%) were common inhalant allergens.

Conclusions:

• A significant majority of urticaria cases have identifiable triggers.
• Intradermal testing is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying environmental and food allergens in urticaria patients.
• A multi-faceted investigative approach is essential for accurate etiological diagnosis of urticaria.