The influence of sex on microvascular function

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Cardiovascular Research
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Women exhibit higher rates of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality and reinfarction, compared to men.
• The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases shows a narrowing gender gap with increasing age.
• Disparities exist in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, with women often underdiagnosed for coronary heart disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the influence of gender on diagnostic modalities for coronary artery disease.
• To explore gender-specific differences in fractional flow reserve (FFR) responses.
• To highlight the need for sex-specific approaches in diagnosing and treating coronary artery disease.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of fractional flow reserve (FFR) data.
• Evaluation of gender as a determinant of adenosine responses during FFR studies.
• Consideration of age and vessel characteristics alongside gender.

Main Results:

• Gender was identified as a determinant of adenosine responses during FFR studies, independent of age and vessel characteristics.
• Observed gender-related differences in FFR responses are likely attributable to variations in microvascular function.
• These differences can influence the interpretation of FFR data in women.

Conclusions:

• Clinical presentation and diagnostic approaches for coronary artery disease differ between sexes.
• A knowledge gap persists regarding the mechanisms, awareness, and treatment of coronary artery disease in women.
• Established diagnostic modalities may require sex-specific application and interpretation for women.