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Longitudinal evaluation of sleep disordered breathing in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome

Abdullah Khayat1,2, Indra Narang1,2, Saadoun Bin-Hasan1,2

  • 1University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|January 29, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) often improves with age. Ongoing monitoring is crucial as some infants may have persistent central sleep apnoea (CSA) or develop obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder.
  • Infants with PWS are at increased risk for sleep disordered breathing (SDB).
  • Understanding the natural history of SDB in this population is crucial for management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the course of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).
  • To assess the changes in central sleep apnoea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) over time.
  • To determine the need for ongoing surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective longitudinal observational study.
  • Involved 28 infants with PWS undergoing baseline and follow-up polysomnography (PSG).
  • Assessed central apnoea index (CAI) and obstructive apnoea-hypopnoea index (OAI) over approximately 2 years.

Main Results:

  • 53% of infants with PWS had significant central sleep apnoea (CSA) at baseline.
  • CSA generally improved significantly by follow-up (median CAI decreased from 6.6 to 2.3 events/hour).
  • Some infants developed obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), with two cases requiring adenotonsillectomy.

Conclusions:

  • Central sleep apnoea (CSA) is common in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) but typically resolves with age.
  • Continued polysomnography (PSG) surveillance is recommended due to the risk of persistent CSA and developing obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
  • Early identification and management of SDB are vital for improving outcomes in infants with PWS.
Abstract

Keywords:
Central sleep apneaObstructive sleep apneaPrader-Willi Syndrome.Sleep disordered breathinginfants

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