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Population-based cross-sectional study on insulin resistance and insulin-secretory capacity in Japanese school

Rimei Nishimura1,2, Hironari Sano1,3, Yoshiko Onda1

  • 1Division of Diabetes, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Diabetes Investigation
|January 29, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Insulin resistance (IR) is more prevalent in girls, while insulin deficiency (ID) is more common in boys among Japanese adolescents. These findings highlight differing metabolic profiles in relation to obesity in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Metabolic Health
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Limited data exists on insulin resistance (IR) and insulin deficiency (ID) in children using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).
  • Understanding the relationship between IR, ID, and obesity in pediatric populations is crucial for public health.
  • Population-based data on these metabolic markers in adolescents is scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and insulin deficiency (ID) in ninth-grade children.
  • To examine the association between IR, ID, and obesity using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).
  • To compare the prevalence of IR and ID between boys and girls in a Japanese population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 445 ninth-grade students (252 boys, 193 girls) in Tsunan Town, Niigata, Japan.
  • Insulin resistance (IR) defined as HOMA-IR ≥2.5; insulin deficiency (ID) defined as HOMA of β-cell function <40.
  • Data collected during routine health check-up programs with high participation rates (98.1% boys, 95.5% girls).

Main Results:

  • Girls exhibited significantly higher HOMA-IR, HOMA of β-cell function, and Disposition Index values compared to boys.
  • The prevalence of IR was significantly higher in girls (15.5%) than in boys (8.7%).
  • Insulin deficiency (ID) was more frequent in boys (20.6%) than in girls (8.8%), with a low co-occurrence of ID and obesity.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin resistance (IR) is more prevalent in adolescent girls, whereas insulin deficiency (ID) is more common in adolescent boys.
  • The low prevalence of ID in this pediatric cohort may suggest a different underlying pathophysiology for type 2 diabetes in Japanese adults.
  • These findings underscore sex-based differences in metabolic health and the need for tailored approaches in pediatric diabetes prevention and management.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenInsulin deficiencyInsulin resistance

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