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Microbial selenium sulfide reduction for selenium recovery from wastewater.

S P W Hageman1, R D van der Weijden1, A J M Stams2

  • 1Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|January 29, 2017
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Summary

Microbial reduction of selenium sulfide (SeS2) by anaerobic sludge efficiently recovers selenium. Emmtec sludge produced hexagonal elemental selenium, supporting this bio-reduction process for water treatment.

Keywords:
BiocrystallizationMicrobial reductionSelenium removal and recoverySelenium sulfideWastewater

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Environmental chemistry

Background:

  • Selenium recovery from selenate and selenite streams is crucial.
  • Microbial reduction of selenium sulfide (SeS2) is a key step in selenium recovery.
  • Selenate is reduced to selenite, then to SeS2, which is bio-reduced to elemental selenium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficiency of anaerobic granular sludges for microbial reduction of selenium sulfide (SeS2).
  • To investigate the bioreduction of both commercial crystalline and laboratory-synthesized amorphous SeS2.
  • To characterize the resulting elemental selenium product and understand its formation mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Testing two anaerobic granular sludges (Eerbeek and Emmtec) for SeS2 reduction capacity.
  • Utilizing Emmtec sludge for bioreduction of synthesized amorphous SeS2.
  • Analyzing the solid product for elemental selenium structure and its association with biomass.

Main Results:

  • Emmtec sludge demonstrated the highest reducing capacity for commercial SeS2.
  • Bioreduction of both commercial and synthesized SeS2 by Emmtec sludge yielded hexagonal elemental selenium and sulfide.
  • The crystalline hexagonal structure of selenium suggests extracellular formation, independent of biomolecular stabilization.

Conclusions:

  • The bio-reduction process using sulfur is feasible for selenium recovery from water.
  • Emmtec sludge is effective for the microbial reduction of SeS2 to elemental selenium.
  • Extracellular formation of hexagonal elemental selenium was observed under the tested conditions.