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Related Concept Videos

The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Larynx01:21

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Hemilaryngeal Microsomia: An Anatomic Variant.

Matthew J Urban1, Jillian Mattioni1, Aaron Jaworek1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|January 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hemilaryngeal microsomia (HLM) is a congenital laryngeal anomaly identifiable via physical exam. This condition correlates with CT scan and laryngoscopy findings, though its link to voice symptoms requires further study.

Keywords:
Computerized tomographyDysphoniaHoarsenessLaryngostroboscopyThyroid cartilage

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Anatomy
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Hemilaryngeal microsomia (HLM) is a rare congenital laryngeal structural variant.
  • Physical examination may reveal asymmetrical thyroid cartilage prominence, suggesting HLM.
  • Correlation between physical findings and advanced imaging is crucial for diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe hemilaryngeal microsomia (HLM) as a congenital laryngeal structural variant.
  • To correlate physical examination findings of HLM with computerized tomography (CT) scan and laryngoscopy results.
  • To investigate potential misdiagnosis associated with HLM findings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series at a tertiary care center.
  • Six patients with suspected HLM underwent physical examination, laryngostroboscopy, and CT scan.
  • Four control patients with normal laryngeal anatomy were included for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Physical examination findings of asymmetrical thyroid cartilage prominence correlated with HLM in all six patients.
  • CT scans revealed significant differences in thyroid laminar angles between HLM patients and controls (30.2° vs 4.00°, P=0.023).
  • Laryngoscopy showed anterior/medial displacement of the arytenoid cartilage and vocal fold shortening on the affected side in HLM patients.

Conclusions:

  • HLM is a congenital laryngeal anomaly detectable through physical examination.
  • Physical findings of HLM correlate with asymmetries identified on CT scans and endoscopy.
  • While HLM features may lead to misdiagnosis, their causal relationship with voice symptoms is not established; further research is needed.