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Vernalization-Triggered Intragenic Chromatin Loop Formation by Long Noncoding RNAs.

Dong-Hwan Kim1, Sibum Sung1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Developmental Cell
|January 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Two long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), COLDAIR and COLDWRAP, cooperate with Polycomb to establish stable floral gene silencing during vernalization in Arabidopsis. This coordinated action forms a repressive chromatin structure essential for flowering time control.

Keywords:
chromatin loopfloweringlong noncoding RNAspolycomb repressive complex 2vernalization

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gene regulation

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, often interacting with protein complexes like Polycomb.
  • In Arabidopsis, the lncRNA COLDAIR facilitates Polycomb-mediated silencing of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a floral repressor, during vernalization.
  • Vernalization, a period of cold exposure, is crucial for timely flowering in many plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel Polycomb-binding lncRNAs involved in vernalization-induced gene silencing.
  • To elucidate the role of these lncRNAs in establishing and maintaining the repressed state of the FLC locus.
  • To understand the cooperative mechanism of lncRNAs in Polycomb-mediated chromatin regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of Polycomb-binding lncRNAs.
  • Analysis of lncRNA expression and function using genetic mutants.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays to assess Polycomb occupancy.
  • Investigation of chromatin structure, including intragenic loop formation.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a new Polycomb-binding lncRNA, COLDWRAP, originating from the FLC promoter.
  • COLDWRA P is essential for the stable repression of FLC following vernalization.
  • COLDAIR and COLDWRAP work together to create a repressive intragenic chromatin loop at the FLC locus.

Conclusions:

  • Vernalization-induced Polycomb silencing is a coordinated process involving multiple lncRNAs.
  • COLDAIR and COLDWRAP cooperatively establish a stable repressive chromatin structure at the FLC locus.
  • lncRNAs play a critical role in epigenetic memory and developmental timing in plants.