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The Dorsal Mesenchymal Protrusion and the Pathogenesis of Atrioventricular Septal Defects

Tara Burns1, Yanping Yang2, Emilye Hiriart1

  • 1Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|January 31, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Congenital heart defects, particularly Atrioventricular Septal Defects (AVSD), are common birth abnormalities. Research highlights abnormal Dorsal Mesenchymal Protrusion (DMP) development as a key factor in AVSD pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cardiovascular research
  • Pediatric medicine

Background:

  • Congenital heart malformations are the most common birth defects, affecting ~1% of infants annually.
  • Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a leading cause of infant mortality, surpassing childhood cancers.
  • Atrioventricular Septal Defects (AVSD) occur in ~1 in 2000 live births, often necessitating early surgery and leading to lifelong complications like mitral valve regurgitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the molecular and morphological mechanisms of AVSD.
  • To elucidate the role of the Dorsal Mesenchymal Protrusion (DMP) in normal atrioventricular septal complex formation.
  • To explore the DMP's contribution to the pathogenesis of Atrioventricular Septal Defects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent studies.
  • Analysis of molecular and morphological data related to heart development.
  • Synthesis of findings on the Dorsal Mesenchymal Protrusion's role in AVSD.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal development of the Dorsal Mesenchymal Protrusion (DMP) is increasingly linked to AVSD.
  • The DMP, a structure derived from the Second Heart Field, is crucial for normal septal complex formation.
  • Understanding DMP development offers new insights into AVSD pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The Dorsal Mesenchymal Protrusion plays a critical role in the development of Atrioventricular Septal Defects.
  • Further research into the DMP's molecular etiology and morphological mechanisms is essential for understanding AVSD.
  • Targeting DMP development may offer future therapeutic strategies for congenital heart defects.

Keywords:
AVSDDMPatrioventricular septal defectscongenital heart defectdevelopmentdorsal mesenchymal protrusionetiologypathogenesis

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