Marine Antifreeze Proteins: Structure, Function, and Application to Cryopreservation as a Potential Cryoprotectant

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Cryobiology
• Marine Biology

Background:

• Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) possess unique thermal hysteresis and ice recrystallization inhibition properties.
• These properties are crucial for preserving biological samples at sub-zero temperatures.
• Marine-derived AFPs, including fish and polar variants, are particularly effective.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the structure and function of marine-derived AFPs.
• To survey current applications of AFPs in cryopreservation.
• To evaluate the efficacy of AFPs in preserving various biological samples.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on marine AFPs and cryopreservation.
• Analysis of studies utilizing AFPs for preserving diverse biological specimens.
• Comparison of AFP efficacy across different freezing methods and sample types.

Main Results:

• Marine AFPs exhibit significant antifreeze activities.
• AFP addition consistently improved post-thaw viability in cryopreserved samples.
• Enhanced survival was observed across various sample types, including cells, embryos, and organs.
• Effectiveness was independent of freezing techniques (slow-freezing vs. vitrification) and storage conditions.

Conclusions:

• Marine-derived AFPs are valuable tools for improving cryopreservation outcomes.
• AFP incorporation enhances the viability of a wide range of biological materials.
• Further research into marine AFPs can advance cryobiology and bio-banking.