Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

11.0K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
11.0K
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

342
Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
342
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

510
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
510
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems01:24

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

50
The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...
50
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

5.2K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
5.2K
Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

203
The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
203

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantification and localization of integrated HIV-1 in memory and naïve CD4+ T cells from adolescents and young adults with perinatally-acquired HIV-1.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

Vaginal Microbiota and Cytokines Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Clinical Trials of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring and Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Routine immunization uptake and timeliness in young children exposed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A secondary analysis of the Tuberculosis Child Multidrug-Resistant Preventive Therapy multi-site randomised controlled trial.

BMC global and public health·2026
Same author

Opportunities and Challenges for Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Birth defects research·2026
Same author

Rethinking HIV antibody testing in children aged 18-24 months in the OPPTIM study conducted in Johannesburg, South Africa 2018-2021.

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease·2026
Same author

Establishing Clinical Trial Priorities for Military Global Health Research.

Developing world bioethics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

11.4K

The interaction between equipoise and logistics in clinical trials: A case study.

Meredith G Warshaw1, Vincent J Carey1,2, Elizabeth J McFarland3

  • 11 Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Clinical Trials (London, England)
|February 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Clinical equipoise, or uncertainty in treatment options, has practical implications beyond ethics. Differences in local care standards and approval delays can hinder multicenter clinical trial enrollment and success.

Keywords:
EquipoiseHIV/AIDSenrollmentinternational clinical trialslogistics

More Related Videos

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

15.8K
Influence of Emotional Factors on the Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Overweight Complicated with Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
03:05

Influence of Emotional Factors on the Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Overweight Complicated with Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Published on: November 21, 2025

693

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

11.4K
Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

15.8K
Influence of Emotional Factors on the Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Overweight Complicated with Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
03:05

Influence of Emotional Factors on the Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Overweight Complicated with Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Published on: November 21, 2025

693

Area of Science:

  • Clinical research ethics
  • Global health policy
  • Medical trial management

Background:

  • Clinical equipoise is typically viewed as an ethical consideration in clinical trials.
  • However, equipoise also presents practical challenges, influencing physician enrollment decisions based on local standards of care and treatment availability.
  • Logistical barriers, such as lengthy approval processes for international trials, further complicate participation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the practical implications of clinical equipoise in multinational clinical trials.
  • To examine how variations in local standards of care and regulatory hurdles affect trial enrollment and completion.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of a multinational clinical trial involving HIV-infected youth with non-adherent treatment.
  • Analysis of differing perceptions of equipoise across countries due to disparities in treatment options and approval timelines.
  • Evaluation of factors contributing to slow participant accrual and early study closure.

Main Results:

  • Perceptions of equipoise varied significantly among participating countries.
  • Disparities in treatment availability and delayed governmental/ethical review board approvals created enrollment challenges.
  • The trial closed prematurely due to insufficient participant accrual, particularly in countries with high demand but slow approval processes.

Conclusions:

  • Multicenter clinical trial design must account for heterogeneity among research sites.
  • Anticipating and addressing differences in equipoise and logistical factors at the design stage is crucial for successful trial execution.
  • Proactive planning can mitigate challenges related to local standards of care and regulatory delays.