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Related Concept Videos

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

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The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
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Causality in Epidemiology01:21

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Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
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The Bradford Hill criteria are a group of principles that provide a framework to determine a causal relationship between a specific factor and a disease. There are nine criteria that are pivotal in assessing causality in epidemiological studies. Here's a closer look at Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality criteria with definitions and examples:
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Shotgun Lipidomics of Rodent Tissues
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SIDS-CDF Hypothesis Revisited: Cause vs. Contributing Factors.

Pontus M A Siren1

  • 1Independent Researcher , Ridley Park , Singapore.

Frontiers in Neurology
|February 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) may be caused by critical diaphragm failure (CDF). Various risk factors increase diaphragm workload or reduce its capacity, leading to SIDS.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) remains a significant concern in infant mortality.
  • The critical diaphragm failure (CDF) hypothesis proposes a unified cause for SIDS.
  • Previous research has identified numerous SIDS risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elaborate on the SIDS-CDF hypothesis, positing critical diaphragm failure as the sole cause of SIDS.
  • To explain how various SIDS risk factors contribute to diaphragm dysfunction.
  • To assert that SIDS is multifactorial in its triggers but singular in its mechanism of death.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on SIDS and diaphragm function.
  • Analysis of the proposed mechanisms by which SIDS risk factors impact respiratory muscle workload and capacity.
Keywords:
SIDSdiaphragmhyperthermiamagnesium deficiencyrespiratory failure

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  • Theoretical framework development based on physiological principles.

    • Main Results:

    • The diaphragm is a vital respiratory muscle whose continuous function is essential for ventilation.
    • SIDS risk factors, including prone sleeping, infections, and prematurity, either increase diaphragm workload or decrease its force-generating capacity.
    • CDF is presented as the terminal event leading to death in SIDS cases.

    Conclusions:

    • The SIDS-CDF hypothesis offers a unifying explanation for SIDS, identifying diaphragm failure as the direct cause of death.
    • SIDS is multifactorial, with different combinations of stressors leading to CDF.
    • The hypothesis suggests SIDS is unlikely to have a congenital or genetic origin.