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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

Published on: March 21, 2018

Do female surgeons learn or teach differently?

Cody A Nebeker¹, Marc D Basson², Pam S Haan¹

¹Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Surgery, 1200 E. Michigan Avenue, Suite 655, Lansing, MI 48912, USA.

American Journal of Surgery

|February 1, 2017

Summary

Female surgical residents and surgeons show different learning objectives based on gender. Female residents prioritized knowledge over skills, and residents with female surgeons focused more on knowledge and attitude-based learning.

Keywords:

Gender Learning objectives Perioperative Residents Surgery

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Surgical Training
Gender Studies in Medicine

Background:

Gender and gender stereotypes may impact surgical education.
This study investigates potential differences in learning and teaching focus between female and male surgeons.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if gender influences the learning objectives (LOs) set by surgical residents and attending surgeons.
To explore how resident and surgeon gender, as well as training level, affect the type of learning objectives chosen.

Main Methods:

Multi-institutional study involving residents and surgeons.
Learning objectives (LOs) were recorded preoperatively and classified as knowledge-based, skill-based, or attitude-based.
Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing LO selection, including gender and postgraduate year (PGY) level.

Main Results:

Analysis of 727 LOs from 125 residents (41% female) and 49 surgeons (20% female).
Female residents were 1.4 times more likely to choose knowledge over skill-based LOs.
Residents working with female surgeons were more likely to select knowledge (1.6x) and attitude (2.1x) over skill-based LOs compared to those with male surgeons. Senior residents (PGY 4/5) favored attitude-based LOs.

Conclusions:

Resident and surgeon gender, along with the year of training, significantly influence the learning objectives in surgical education.
Further research is needed to ascertain if these differences stem from gender stereotyping or variations in attending teaching styles.