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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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A New Way to Beat Intestinal Pathogens.

Corrella S Detweiler1

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.

Trends in Microbiology
|February 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

New research suggests using siderophores, iron-capturing molecules, as a novel vaccine strategy. Immunizing mice with siderophores can prevent pathogen colonization and promote beneficial commensal bacteria growth.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Iron availability is crucial for microbial survival in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • A competitive interaction for iron exists between pathogenic and commensal microorganisms.
  • Siderophores are essential microbial molecules for iron acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of siderophores as a novel vaccination strategy.
  • To determine if immunization with siderophores can modulate microbial colonization in the gut.
  • To assess the impact of siderophore immunization on pathogen and commensal populations.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were immunized with siderophores.
  • Gut microbial colonization was analyzed post-immunization.

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  • Pathogen colonization and commensal bacteria expansion were quantified.

    • Main Results:

    • Siderophore immunization effectively prevented pathogen colonization in the gastrointestinal tract.
    • Immunization led to the expansion of commensal microbial populations.
    • This suggests a mechanism for manipulating the gut microbiome through targeted immunization.

    Conclusions:

    • Vaccination with siderophores represents a promising new approach to control microbial infections.
    • This strategy can be used to promote a healthy gut microbiome by favoring commensal bacteria.
    • Targeting microbial iron acquisition offers a novel avenue for vaccine development.