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Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity.

Anna Krigel1, Benjamin Lebwohl2

  • 1Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.

Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|February 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) involves symptoms after eating gluten, excluding celiac disease. More research is needed to understand NCGS causes and diagnosis for better patient guidance.

Keywords:
FODMAPceliac diseasedietglutensensitivitywheat

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) presents with symptoms after gluten ingestion, distinct from celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy.
  • CD prevalence is rising, yet many cases remain undiagnosed, increasing public and professional interest in gluten-related disorders.
  • Current understanding of NCGS pathophysiology, biomarkers, and diagnosis is limited, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing clinical trials on nonceliac gluten sensitivity.
  • To outline an international expert panel's recommended approach for diagnosing and managing potential NCGS patients.
  • To highlight the need for evidence-based guidance due to the significant health and economic impact of gluten-free diets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of randomized controlled trials investigating NCGS.
  • Analysis of expert panel recommendations for NCGS diagnosis and management.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on NCGS pathophysiology and biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Several clinical trials have explored NCGS, but key questions regarding its mechanisms and diagnosis remain unanswered.
  • NCGS likely represents a heterogeneous group of patients, underscoring the need for further research.
  • An international expert panel has proposed an approach for managing patients with suspected NCGS.

Conclusions:

  • Further studies are essential to identify reliable biomarkers and elucidate the pathophysiology of nonceliac gluten sensitivity.
  • A standardized diagnostic approach is currently lacking for NCGS.
  • Medical professionals must provide practical, evidence-based advice to patients considering or adhering to a gluten-free diet due to its implications.