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Diabetes mellitus, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2008-2015.

Valerie F Williams, Shauna Stahlman, Zheng Hu

    MSMR
    |February 1, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Active component service members experienced 9,092 diabetes mellitus cases from 2008-2015. Type 2 diabetes mellitus rates were higher in males, certain racial/ethnic groups, and peaked in 2010 before declining.

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    Area of Science:

    • Military health
    • Endocrinology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant health burden.
    • Understanding DM incidence in military populations is crucial for public health initiatives.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the incidence and trends of type 1 and type 2 DM among active component service members from 2008 to 2015.
    • To identify demographic and service-specific risk factors associated with DM incidence.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of incident DM cases reported between 2008 and 2015.
    • Calculation of incidence rates per 100,000 person-years.
    • Stratification of data by DM type, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and military branch.

    Main Results:

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    • A total of 9,092 DM cases were reported, with an overall incidence rate of 82.8 per 100,000 person-years.
    • Type 2 DM incidence (74.5 per 100,000 person-years) was significantly higher than type 1 DM (3.0 per 100,000 person-years).
    • Higher rates of DM were observed in males, Black/non-Hispanic, other/unknown race/ethnicity, and Hispanic service members. Type 2 DM rates doubled with each successive age group and were highest in the Army and Navy.

    Conclusions:

    • Incidence rates of type 2 DM peaked in 2010 and subsequently decreased, with observed declines across most demographic groups and services.
    • Significant disparities in DM incidence exist based on sex, age, race/ethnicity, and military branch.
    • Further research into the underlying causes and effective prevention strategies for DM in military populations is warranted.