Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 8, 2026
19:15
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
88.2K
"More than Meets the Eye": When the Neonatal Course May Impact Several Years Out.
Fadiyla Dopwell1, John Maypole, Bharati Sinha
1*Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics; †Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics; and ‡Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP
|February 1, 2017
Summary
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and NICU stays are risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This case highlights ADHD diagnosis and management considerations in a child with a history of HIE.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal neurology
- Pediatric behavioral science
- Developmental pediatrics
Background:
- A 7-year-old girl with a history of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) presents with behavioral concerns.
- Her neonatal course included resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and therapeutic hypothermia for HIE.
Observation:
- The patient exhibited significant inattention, hyperactivity, and aggression since starting childcare.
- Teachers reported difficulties with redirection, focus, and peer interactions.
- Parents noted challenges with task completion and morning routines.
Findings:
- Clinical evaluation and parent/teacher Conners scales confirmed a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combined type.
- The patient's history of HIE and NICU stay was identified as a potential risk factor for ADHD development.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of considering perinatal events like HIE as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD.
- It prompts a discussion on how a history of HIE may influence the management strategies for ADHD symptoms.
- Further research is warranted to explore the specific impact of HIE on ADHD presentation and treatment.
Related Concept Videos
01:07Teratogenicity
4.4K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.4K
01:30Neurulation
46.8K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
46.8K
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
1.0K
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
1.0K
01:21The Nativist Approach
533
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
533
01:24Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism
304
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
304
01:10Nature and Nurture
22.6K
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
22.6K