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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter

Published on: February 18, 2021

Differences in illumination estimation in #thedress.

Matteo Toscani¹, Karl R Gegenfurtner¹, Katja Doerschner²

¹Department of Psychology, Giessen University, Giessen, Germany.

Journal of Vision

|February 1, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The famous #thedress color ambiguity arises from differing assumptions about foreground illumination. White perceivers adjust illumination to be bluer than blue perceivers, explaining the color perception differences.

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Area of Science:

Visual Perception
Color Science
Psychophysics

Background:

The "#thedress" phenomenon revealed significant individual differences in color perception.
These differences were hypothesized to stem from varying assumptions about scene illumination.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if differing assumptions about illumination chromaticity explain why individuals perceive #thedress as white or blue.
To quantify these assumptions using a controlled experimental setup.

Main Methods:

Introduced a spherical illumination probe into the #thedress photograph.
Observers adjusted the probe's chromaticity, intensity, and direction to appear white.
Compared adjustments between observers who saw the dress as white versus blue.

Main Results:

White perceivers made bluer chromaticity adjustments for foreground probes than blue perceivers.
Blue perceivers perceived less chromatic illumination.
Contextual cues predominantly influenced white perceivers' color perception.

Conclusions:

Differing assumptions about foreground illumination chromaticity are a key factor in #thedress color ambiguity.
Individual differences in sensitivity to contextual cues contribute to color perception variations.