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Juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis): current concepts
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)
|November 1, 1978
Summary
Periodontosis, once thought degenerative, is now understood as an inflammatory condition. Research points to factors like virulent bacteria and immune issues, necessitating a name change to destructive or idiopathic juvenile periodontitis.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Oral Medicine
- Immunodermatology
Background:
- Periodontosis was historically characterized by clinical signs and symptoms, but viewed as a non-inflammatory, degenerative condition.
- Recent evidence challenges this view, suggesting an inflammatory nature for periodontosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolving understanding of periodontosis, from a degenerative to an inflammatory disease.
- To discuss potential etiologic factors and proposed terminology changes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical descriptions and recent evidence on periodontosis.
- Analysis of proposed etiologic factors including microbial, immunological, and genetic components.
- Examination of arguments for renaming the condition.
Main Results:
- Periodontosis exhibits clinical signs and symptoms.
- Emerging evidence indicates periodontosis is inflammatory, not degenerative.
- Potential causes include virulent gram-negative microorganisms, immune deficiencies, polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysfunction, and genetic predisposition.
Conclusions:
- The term 'periodontosis' is debated due to its degenerative implication.
- Proposed alternative terms include 'destructive periodontitis' or 'idiopathic juvenile periodontitis'.
- Definitive treatment awaits clarification of specific causative factors.