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Changes in the respiratory microbiome during acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Philip L Molyneaux1,2, Michael J Cox1, Athol U Wells2

  • 1National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.

Respiratory Research
|February 2, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) involve respiratory decline. This study found increased bacteria and altered respiratory microbiota during AE-IPF events, suggesting infection may play a role.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis.
  • Acute exacerbations of IPF (AE-IPF) are characterized by sudden respiratory deterioration with unknown causes.
  • The role of respiratory infections in AE-IPF pathogenesis is not fully understood.

Discussion:

  • This pilot study investigated the respiratory microbiota in patients with stable IPF versus those experiencing AE-IPF.
  • Bacterial DNA from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing.
  • Culture-independent techniques were employed to assess bacterial burden and composition.

Key Insights:

  • Patients with AE-IPF exhibited a significantly higher bacterial load in their BAL fluid compared to stable IPF patients.
  • Significant shifts in the composition of the respiratory microbiota were observed during AE-IPF events.
  • These findings suggest that alterations in the respiratory microbiome may be associated with AE-IPF.

Outlook:

  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific role of bacterial infections and microbiota changes in AE-IPF.
  • Investigating potential therapeutic strategies targeting the respiratory microbiota could be beneficial for managing AE-IPF.
  • This study provides a foundation for future investigations into the complex interplay between IPF, exacerbations, and the lung microbiome.
Keywords:
16SAcute exacerbationBacterial infectionIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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