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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Gene Flow02:39

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Cultivation of Heligmosomoides Polygyrus: An Immunomodulatory Nematode Parasite and its Secreted Products
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A "healthy immigrant effect" or a "sick immigrant effect"? Selection and policies matter.

Amelie F Constant1,2, Teresa García-Muñoz3, Shoshana Neuman4,5,6

  • 1Office of Population Research, Princeton University, 189 Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA. afconstant299@gmail.com.

The European Journal of Health Economics : HEPAC : Health Economics in Prevention and Care
|February 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Immigrants moving to Israel are less healthy than natives, while those moving to Europe are healthier. These health differences persist for years, highlighting the impact of migration policies on immigrant health outcomes.

Keywords:
EuropeImmigrationIsraelMultilevel regressionOlder populationSHARESelf-reported health status

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Demography

Background:

  • The "healthy immigrant effect" (HIE) suggests immigrants are initially healthier than natives, but this advantage diminishes over time.
  • Explanations for HIE include self-selection of healthy migrants and host country policies (selection, screening, discrimination).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immigrant health trajectories in Israel and 16 European countries.
  • To compare the HIE under distinct migration policies: Israel's open-door policy versus Europe's selective policies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data.
  • Compared health status of immigrants and natives in Israel and European countries, considering duration of residence.

Main Results:

  • Immigrants in Israel exhibited poorer health than natives, with a disadvantage lasting up to 20 years.
  • Immigrants in Europe demonstrated better health than natives, maintaining this advantage long-term.

Conclusions:

  • Migration policies significantly influence immigrant health trajectories.
  • Israel's policy results in initial health disadvantages for immigrants, while Europe's selective policies appear to maintain immigrant health advantages.