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Updated: Aug 11, 2026
05:53
Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
Published on: August 17, 2022
Summary
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) offer highly effective contraception with pregnancy rates below 1% annually. Newer IUDs aim to further improve outcomes and reduce side effects like heavy periods.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Contraception
- Gynecology
Background:
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs) have been utilized in Singapore since the mid-1960s.
- Public acceptance has varied due to misconceptions about potential complications.
- Effective contraception is crucial for family planning and reproductive health management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current status and future developments of IUDs in Singapore.
- To address misconceptions and highlight the efficacy and safety of modern IUDs.
- To inform healthcare providers and patients about evolving IUD technologies and usage guidelines.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical data on IUD acceptance and efficacy in Singapore.
- Analysis of current IUD pregnancy rates and performance metrics.
- Examination of emerging IUD technologies, including hormonal and frameless copper devices.
- Discussion of established and relative contraindications for IUD use.
Main Results:
- Current copper IUDs demonstrate pregnancy rates below 1% per year, decreasing with extended use.
- New developments include a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD (20 mcg/day) and a frameless copper IUD.
- The frameless copper IUD may reduce menstrual blood loss and dysmenorrhea.
- Factors like nulliparity, age under 25, and a history of pelvic inflammatory disease are now considered relative contraindications.
Conclusions:
- Modern IUDs are highly effective and safe contraceptive options.
- Technological advancements promise improved IUD performance and tolerability.
- Updated guidelines refine contraindications, expanding IUD suitability for more women.
Keywords:
AsiaBiologyContraceptionContraception FailureContraceptive EffectivenessContraceptive Methods--contraindicationsContraceptive Methods--side effectsContraceptive UsageDeveloping CountriesDiseasesEvaluationEvaluation MethodologyEvaluation ResearchFamily PlanningInfectionsInsertionInternational AgenciesIud, Copper ReleasingIud, Hormone ReleasingIud--contraindicationsIud--side effectsLiterature ReviewOrganizationsPelvic InfectionsPregnancy ComplicationsPregnancy, EctopicRisk FactorsSingaporeSoutheastern AsiaTreatmentUnWhoMore Related Videos
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