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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

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Unraveling the cytotoxicity and metabolic pathways of binary natural deep eutectic solvent systems

Yves Paul Mbous1,2, Maan Hayyan1,3, Won Fen Wong4

  • 1University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

Scientific Reports
|February 2, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) show anticancer potential with lower toxicity than conventional deep eutectic solvents (DESs). NADESs induce cytotoxicity via membrane changes and redox stress, offering insights into cell physiology.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) are gaining attention for their potential biological applications.
  • Understanding the cytotoxicity and anticancer properties of NADESs is crucial for their therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the anticancer potential and cytotoxicity of NADESs derived from choline chloride, fructose, or glucose.
  • To compare the effects of NADESs with a conventional deep eutectic solvent (DES).

Main Methods:

  • Assessed cytotoxicity using HelaS3, PC3, A375, AGS, MCF-7, and WRL-68 cell lines.
  • Prepared NADESs from choline chloride and sugars, and a DES from choline chloride and triethylene glycol.
  • Determined EC50 values for NADESs and DES, and compared them with aqueous solutions of individual components.

Main Results:

  • NADESs exhibited lower toxicity (EC50: 98–516 mM) compared to DES (EC50: 34–120 mM).
  • NADESs induced cytotoxicity by increasing membrane porosity and redox stress.
  • In vivo studies indicated NADESs were more destructive than DES, causing liver failure.

Conclusions:

  • NADESs demonstrate anticancer activity and unique intracellular processing, suggesting potential as tools for studying cell physiology.
  • Further research is needed to explore the intracellular synthesis of NADESs and their role in counterbalancing constituent cytotoxicity.

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