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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava
Published on: January 13, 2023
Double Inferior Vena Cava and its Implications During Endovascular and Surgical Interventions: A Word of Caution
Nicolas W Shammas1, Rayan Jo Rachwan, Ghassan Daher
1Midwest Cardiovascular Research Foundation, 1622 E. Lombard Street, Davenport, IA 52803 USA. shammas@mchsi.com.
Abstract:
Double inferior vena cava (DIVC) is present in 0.2%-3.0% of the general population. Its presence can be detected by computed tomographic angiography or magnetic resonance imaging. Identifying the presence of DIVC is important to define its relationship with the renal vein, its size when IVC filters are planned, the location of the left renal vein in relationship to the aorta, and for planning of IVC filter placement in the setting of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Finally, this entity should not be mistaken for lymphadenopathy and its course should be well understood before abdominal and pelvic/retroperitoneal surgical interventions.
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