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Echovirus 6 Infects Human Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreatic Cells and Induces Pro-Inflammatory Innate Immune Response
Luis Sarmiento1, Gun Frisk2, Mahesh Anagandula3
1Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC 91:10 205 02 Malmö, Sweden. luis.sarmiento-perez@med.lu.se.
Viruses
|February 2, 2017
Summary
Certain echoviruses can infect human pancreatic exocrine cells, unlike other strains. This study reveals echovirus 6 infects both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells, while other strains target only endocrine cells.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Gastroenterology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Human enteroviruses (HEV), particularly coxsackievirus B and echoviruses, are linked to pancreatic diseases.
- Previous evidence of HEV in the human pancreas was limited to islets and ductal cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the susceptibility of human exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells to echovirus (E) infection.
- To determine which echovirus serotypes can infect and replicate within these pancreatic cell types.
Main Methods:
- Infection of explanted human pancreatic islets and exocrine cells with specific echovirus field strains (E6, E16, E30).
- Assessment of cytopathic effects, virus titration, HEV protein VP1 production, and viral particle presence.
- Analysis of gene transcription related to antiviral responses (IF1H1, OAS1, IFN-β, CXCL10, CCL5).
Main Results:
- Echovirus 6 (E6) caused cytopathic effects, increased virus titers, and produced HEV protein VP1 in both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells.
- Virus particles were detected in E6-infected islets and acinar cells.
- Echovirus 16 (E16) and E30 did not infect exocrine cells but were detected in endocrine cells.
- Both exocrine and endocrine cells upregulated antiviral gene transcription in response to E6.
- Endocrine cells showed upregulated transcription of antiviral genes in response to E16 and E30.
Conclusions:
- Human exocrine pancreatic cells are a target for echovirus 6 infection.
- Echovirus 6 can replicate in human exocrine pancreatic cells.
- Pancreatic endocrine cells are permissive to a broader range of echovirus serotypes than exocrine cells.
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