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    A novel frequency-swept pulse (FSP) phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (ϕ-OTDR) achieves sub-meter spatial resolution over 19.8 km. This breakthrough enhances vibration sensing capabilities for long-range applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Sensing
    • Fiber Optic Sensing Technology
    • Signal Processing in Optical Systems

    Background:

    • Traditional phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometers (ϕ-OTDR) face limitations in balancing spatial resolution and sensing distance.
    • Achieving high spatial resolution over extended fiber optic networks remains a significant challenge in distributed sensing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally validate a novel frequency-swept pulse (FSP) technique for enhancing ϕ-OTDR performance.
    • To overcome the inherent trade-off between spatial resolution and working distance in conventional ϕ-OTDR systems.
    • To demonstrate sub-meter spatial resolution for vibration sensing over a long-haul fiber optic link.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of an optical frequency-swept pulse (FSP) with linear frequency modulation for increased pulse energy.
    • Utilization of a matched filter in the receiver for pulse compression and signal processing.
    • Experimental setup designed for high spatial resolution and extended sensing range measurements.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a spatial resolution of 30 cm, a significant improvement for long-range sensing.
    • Demonstrated a maximum sensing distance of 19.8 km.
    • Obtained a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 dB for effective vibration sensing.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed FSP ϕ-OTDR successfully relaxes the contradiction between spatial resolution and working distance.
    • This technology represents a significant advancement, achieving sub-meter spatial resolution over an unprecedented sensing range.
    • The findings pave the way for more precise and effective long-range distributed fiber optic sensing applications.