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Array invariant-based source localization in shallow water using a sparse vertical array.

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This study extends the array invariant method for robust source localization in shallow water using a sparse, large-aperture vertical array. The technique accurately estimates source range by analyzing surface and bottom-reflected acoustic signals.

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Area of Science:

  • Ocean acoustics
  • Underwater acoustics
  • Signal processing

Background:

  • The array invariant method enables robust source localization in shallow water using broadband signals.
  • Conventional plane wave beamforming with short-aperture arrays in stratified waveguides is limited.
  • Environmental knowledge requirements for source localization can be minimized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the array invariant approach for source range estimation using a sparse, large-aperture vertical array.
  • To adapt the method for scenarios with significant sound speed variations across the array aperture.
  • To demonstrate robust source-range estimation in shallow water environments.

Main Methods:

  • Extension of the array invariant method to large-aperture, sparse vertical arrays.
  • Utilizing surface and bottom-reflected arrivals, mimicking ideal waveguide behavior.
  • Plane wave beamforming analysis of broadband signals (0.5-2 kHz).

Main Results:

  • Successful extension of the array invariant for sparse, large-aperture vertical arrays.
  • Demonstrated robust source-range estimation in approximately 100-m deep shallow water.
  • Validation using a 16-element, 56-m array at ranges of 1.5-3.5 km.

Conclusions:

  • The extended array invariant method provides robust source localization in shallow water with sparse, large-aperture arrays.
  • The approach is effective despite significant sound speed variations within the water column.
  • This method offers a viable solution for underwater acoustic source localization with minimal environmental assumptions.