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Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Gout - a guide for the general and acute physicians.

Abhishek Abhishek1, Edward Roddy2, Michael Doherty3

  • 1University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Abhishek.abhishek@nottingham.ac.uk.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|February 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Gout, a common inflammatory arthritis, can potentially be cured with urate-lowering treatments. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are a primary, effective treatment for managing gout and reducing serum uric acid levels.

Keywords:
colchicinegouthyperuricemiatophiurate-lowering treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis, affecting 2.5% of the UK population.
  • It is a curable condition with safe and effective urate-lowering therapies.
  • Current treatments focus on reducing serum uric acid levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of gout's pathophysiology.
  • To outline the clinical presentation and diagnostic methods for gout.
  • To summarize the available treatment strategies for gout.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of gout pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Analysis of current guidelines and research on urate-lowering therapies.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches including clinical diagnosis and joint aspiration.

Main Results:

  • Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., allopurinol, febuxostat) are first-line treatments.
  • These treatments effectively reduce serum uric acid and can 'cure' gout in most patients.
  • Clinical diagnosis is possible for typical cases (podagra), while joint aspiration is recommended for atypical presentations.

Conclusions:

  • Gout is a treatable inflammatory arthritis with established urate-lowering therapies.
  • Accurate diagnosis, through clinical assessment or joint aspiration, is crucial.
  • Effective management can lead to a cure for the majority of patients.