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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Resting-State Connectivity and Neuroimaging of Prefrontal Cortex Activity During a Block-Design Yoga Asana Practice Using fNIRS
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Cerebrovascular hemodynamics during pranayama techniques.

L Nivethitha1, A Mooventhan1, N K Manjunath1

  • 1Department of Research and Development, S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
|February 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Pranayama breathing techniques, Bhastrika and Kumbhaka, significantly impact cerebral blood flow differently. Bhastrika reduces flow, while Kumbhaka increases it, offering potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
BhastrikaKumbhakaPranayamacerebrovascular hemodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Physiology
  • Integrative Medicine

Background:

  • Pranayama, a yogic breathing practice, is known to induce varied physiological responses.
  • The specific effects of different Pranayama techniques on cerebral hemodynamics remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct effects of two common Pranayama techniques, Bhastrika and Kumbhaka, on cerebral hemodynamic parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen healthy males trained in Yoga and Pranayama underwent continuous transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring.
  • Cerebral blood flow velocities (PSV, EDV, MFV) and pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral artery were recorded during 1-minute intervals of Bhastrika and Kumbhaka.

Main Results:

  • Bhastrika breathing led to significant decreases in end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and mean flow velocity (MFV), alongside a significant increase in pulsatility index (PI).
  • Conversely, Kumbhaka breathing resulted in significant increases in peak systolic velocity (PSV), EDV, and MFV, with a significant reduction in PI.

Conclusions:

  • Bhastrika and Kumbhaka Pranayama techniques exert opposing effects on cerebral hemodynamic parameters.
  • These findings suggest that Pranayama practices can be tailored to specific patient needs based on their hemodynamic impact.