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Tunable plasmon lensing in graphene-based structure exhibiting negative refraction.

Shifeng Zhong1, Yanxin Lu1, Chao Li1

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.

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We demonstrate tunable plasmon focusing using a graphene/photonic-crystal hybrid structure for all-angle negative refraction at terahertz frequencies. This novel system achieves sub-diffraction-limited imaging with tunable performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Plasmonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Graphene exhibits unique electronic properties suitable for plasmonics.
  • Photonic crystals offer control over light propagation.
  • Terahertz frequencies present opportunities for novel imaging and manipulation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel method for tunable plasmon focusing.
  • To achieve all-angle negative refraction in a graphene/photonic-crystal hybrid structure.
  • To demonstrate sub-diffraction-limited imaging capabilities at terahertz frequencies.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a two-dimensional photonic crystal on a graphene sheet.
  • Utilizing hyperbolic dispersion relations for graphene plasmons.
  • Inducing and observing plasmon lensing due to negative refraction.

Main Results:

  • Observed all-angle plasmonic negative refraction.
  • Demonstrated sub-diffraction-limited imaging with resolution smaller than the incident wavelength.
  • Showcased tunable imaging performance by adjusting graphene's Fermi energy.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed graphene/photonic-crystal system enables tunable plasmon focusing and sub-wavelength imaging.
  • The system offers stable imaging performance across different frequencies.
  • Potential applications include subwavelength spatial light manipulation and biological imaging.