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Artificial lights at night cause high mortality in seabirds, particularly Procellariiformes. Rescue programs save thousands annually, but more research is needed to understand and mitigate light-induced impacts on these endangered populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Ornithology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Artificial lights at night (ALAN) pose a significant threat to seabird populations globally.
  • Burrow-nesting seabirds, especially Procellariiformes (petrels and shearwaters), are highly susceptible to light attraction, leading to grounding and mortality.
  • Threatened Procellariiformes species are disproportionately affected, with 24 out of 56 impacted species facing endangerment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on seabird attraction to artificial lights.
  • To identify critical information gaps in understanding light-induced seabird mortality.
  • To propose actionable measures for mitigating and researching this conservation issue.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on seabird attraction to artificial lights.
  • Analysis of existing data on grounded seabirds and rescue program outcomes.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps concerning mortality rates, population effects, and light thresholds.

Main Results:

  • Procellariiformes are the most affected group, with numerous threatened species impacted worldwide, particularly on islands.
  • Rescue programs are crucial for immediate mitigation, saving thousands of birds yearly.
  • Current data on grounded birds are often fragmented and biased, hindering accurate impact assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent actions are needed to estimate mortality and population effects accurately.
  • Research should focus on determining safe light levels and distances, improving rescue efforts, and developing seabird-friendly lighting solutions.
  • Addressing light pollution is critical for the conservation of endangered seabird populations.