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Cryo-electron Microscopy

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

Published on: August 18, 2022

Microfluidics for cryopreservation.

Gang Zhao¹, Jianping Fu²

¹Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, PR China.

Biotechnology Advances

|February 4, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microfluidic platforms offer advanced tools for cell cryopreservation, simplifying complex protocols for cryoprotective agent handling and freeze-thaw cycles, enabling new research possibilities.

Keywords:

Cryopreservation Cryoprotective agent loading/unloading Freezing/thawing Microfluidics Vitrification

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Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

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Published on: August 18, 2022

Plunge Freezing: A Tool for the Ultrastructural and Immunolocalization Studies of Suspension Cells in Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Bioengineering

Background:

Cryopreservation is crucial for clinical and scientific research.
Current methods involve complex, labor-intensive, cell-specific protocols for cryoprotective agent (CPA) addition/removal and freeze-thaw cycles.
Conventional bulk approaches face limitations in precise cell manipulation and screening at micro/nano scales.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the applications of microfluidic tools in various aspects of cell cryopreservation.
To highlight the potential of microfluidics to overcome limitations of conventional cryopreservation techniques.
To discuss the achievements, challenges, and future perspectives of microfluidic-assisted cryopreservation.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on microfluidic applications in cryopreservation.
Focus on microfluidic tools for cell manipulation.
Discussion of microfluidic integration with CPA exposure, programmed freezing/thawing, vitrification, and in situ assessment.

Main Results:

Microfluidic platforms enable precise control over cell handling and CPA exposure at micro/nano scales.
These platforms facilitate controlled freezing, thawing, and vitrification processes.
In situ assessment of cell viability and cryopreservation status is achievable using microfluidic devices.

Conclusions:

Microfluidic technology presents a revolutionary approach to cell cryopreservation, enhancing precision and efficiency.
It addresses the complexity and labor-intensive nature of traditional methods.
Further development holds significant promise for advancing cell-based research and clinical applications.