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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain
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The Complement System in Neuropathic and Postoperative Pain.

David C Fritzinger1, Daniel E Benjamin1

  • 1Cascade Biotechnology, 9 Deer Park Drive, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, USA.

The Open Pain Journal
|February 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain pain conditions, like neuropathic pain, are difficult to treat. Targeting the complement system, a part of the immune system, may offer new therapeutic options for inflammatory pain.

Keywords:
ComplementComplement inhibitionNeuropathic painPost-operative pain

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Neuropathic and postsurgical pain affect millions, representing significant unmet medical needs.
  • Current pain therapies are often ineffective for these conditions.
  • The complement system plays a crucial role in initiating and sustaining inflammatory pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complement system's role in pain.
  • To identify potential drug targets within the complement system for pain management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of original investigations on the complement system and pain.
  • Analysis of the complement system's involvement in inflammatory pain pathways.

Main Results:

  • The complement system is implicated in both neuropathic and postsurgical pain.
  • Specific components of the complement system present viable drug targets.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibiting the complement system offers a promising therapeutic strategy for difficult-to-treat pain.
  • Complement-targeted drugs could address current gaps in pain management.