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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: July 24, 2019
Parkinson's disease as a multisystem disorder
Lisa Klingelhoefer1, H Reichmann2
1Department of Neurology, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. lisa.klingelhoefer@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
Abstract:
This article summarises the noteworthy contribution of Professor Jellinger to the understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD) as a disease affecting multiple body- and neurotransmitter-systems. Phosphorylated alpha-synuclein and the formation of Lewy pathology as neuropathological hallmarks of PD seem to spread from the enteric nervous system and the olfactory bulb in a rostrocranial direction to the CNS. Subsequently, a progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic-nigrostriatal system and widespread extranigral pathology affecting different anatomical structures and neurotransmitters are induced causing the various non-motor and motor symptoms of PD.
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