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Parallel basal ganglia circuits for decision making.

Okihide Hikosaka1,2, Ali Ghazizadeh3, Whitney Griggs3

  • 1Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. oh@lsr.nei.nih.gov.

Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
|February 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The basal ganglia use flexible and stable circuits to control behavior. Flexible circuits use recent experiences, while stable circuits form long-term memories for skill acquisition and survival.

Keywords:
AttentionDopamineHand movementLong-term memorySaccadeSkill

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The basal ganglia are crucial for motor control and decision-making.
  • Dopamine neurons transmit value signals, influencing behavior selection.
  • Current models emphasize flexible behavior based on recent experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct roles of separate basal ganglia circuits in processing value signals.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying flexible versus stable behavioral control.
  • To understand how different memory systems contribute to goal-directed actions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of neural circuits within the basal ganglia.
  • Investigation of dopamine neuron signaling in distinct pathways.
  • Examination of behavioral flexibility and skill acquisition in relation to memory.

Main Results:

  • Identified separate basal ganglia circuits for flexible (anterior) and stable (posterior) value processing.
  • Stable circuits are insensitive to recent value changes but accumulate long-term value memories.
  • Distinct dopamine neuron populations innervate flexible and stable circuits, with unique signaling properties.

Conclusions:

  • The basal ganglia employ parallel processing streams for flexible and stable behavioral control.
  • Stable circuits support skill learning and automatic behavior based on historical value.
  • Integration of flexible and stable circuits enables adaptive goal-directed behavior in diverse contexts.